Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Section 01: Introduction to Forensic Medicine and Recent advances in Forensic Medicine
Core
- Introduction to Forensic Medicine& its subdivision; medical jurisprudence
- Recent advances in Forensic Medicine
- Emerging issues in sex verification and disorder of sex development (DSD)
- Medico-legal issues in consent
- Euthanasia: legal, social and humanitarian aspect
- Legal and ethical issues in medical records
- Legal issues in End life care & palliative care
- Age of child: legal perspective
- Analytic and Clinical toxicology
- Mass disaster: Introduction, effect, management strategies, disaster victim identification (DVI)
- Sports medicine (type, mechanism, management, and prevention of sports injuries)
- Forensic science
- Trace evidence (blood stain, blood group, hair, semen)
- DNA Profiling
Optional
- criminalistics
- crime scene investigation
- forensic lab
- Cybercrime, Basics of ICT
- History and landmarks of Forensic medicine
- HLA typing and Bioinformatics
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Section 02: Legal aspect (Legal structure; court procedure)
- Legal Structure(courts) of Bangladesh and Their Jurisdiction
Core
- Supreme Court, High Court, Sessions Court, Additional Sessions Court, Magistrates Court, Metropolitan Magistracy
- Sentence
- Medico-legal system of Bangladesh; coroners system; Medical examiners system; continental Medico-legal Systems
Legal (Court) Procedures
- Summons: definition, duties
- Evidence, perjury, deposition, parts of deposition, procedure of recording evidence, court questions
- Witness, types of witness, conduct of doctor in witness box
- Legal provision related for medical practice
- Medical certification and Medico-legal reports including dying declaration and medical documentary evidence
Additional
- The Penal code; CrPc, Evidence act, Organ transplant act, Consumers protection act; MTP act; Workmen’s compensation act
- Legal terminology applicable in court procedure
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Section 3: Medical Jurisprudence (Medical ethics)
Core
Medical ethics
- Geneva declaration
- International Code of medical ethics
- BMDC: Bangladesh Medical &Dental Council (BMDC), its constituents, functions and disciplinary control. a professional death sentence
- Right & privilege, Duties
- Rights and privileges of a doctor
- Rights of patients
- Duties of a medical practitioner toward patients & society, Professional secrecy & privileged communication
- Doctor-patient relationship; Component; Skills
- Fairness and Equity; Specific Health Issues; Jargon in the field of medical ethics
- Code of Medical ethic of BMDC
- Malpractice
- Ethical malpractice: Professional Infamous conduct
- Professional (Medical) Malpractice: civil and criminal Negligence
- Precautions, prevention & defenses against professional negligence
- Vicarious liability, Contributory negligence, corporate negligence; Res ipsa loquitor Novus actus interne
- Medical maloccurance; Product liability
- Applied ethics and research ethics
- Soft skill and humanities; End-of-life care; palliative care
Additional
- Code and law of medical ethics, its history
- Tokyo Declaration 1975, Helsinki Declaration. Other important WMA declaration
- Ethical review board. Procedure of ethical review in a research proposal. Dealing with ethical dilemmas and conflicts
- Organ Transplant Act. MTP Act. Consumers Protection Act
- Legal provision related to medical practice
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Section 4: Forensic Pathology
Core
Autopsy
- Definition, Type, prerequisite, objective
- Procedure: external, internal (opening body cavity, 3rd incision, removal of viscera, internal exam) and laboratory procedure; Report writing; opinion
- Collection and dispatch of specimen
- Inquest report: definition, type, content, magistrate inquest
- Modern morgue
- Exhumation: definition, procedure; importance; 2 nd autopsy
- Forensic anthropology: Post Mortem exam of mutilated and skeletal remains
Additional
- Virtual autopsy procedure, Academic autopsy
- Special Autopsy & disposal of radioactive corpse
- Recommendation of autopsy as per Human Rights Commission
- Clinical autopsy: Legal formalities, Procedure; Precaution; Importance
- Methods of preserving a dead body
Core
Death
- Mood and manner of death (natural/ unnatural)
- Immediate
- Early change: skin change, eye change, cooling of body, hypostasis, rigor mortis
- Late change: putrefaction, adipocere formation, and mummification
- Post-mortem artifacts: Resuscitative artifact, agonal artifact, and postmortem artifact
- Sudden death
- Custodial death
- Anesthetic and operative deaths
Additional
- Radioactive carbon(C14) estimation
- Forensic entomology
- Death due to occupational and environmental hazards
- Dead body management & handling in disaster
Core
Infanticide
- definition, legal bearing, cause of death, and mode of death
- Dead born (def, Spalding sign, maceration)
- Live born
- Still born
Additional
- Precipitated labor
- Cot death, SIDS, feticide
- Death due to neglect
Core
Violent asphyxial death
- Hanging: def, types, cause of death, mechanism of death, PM finding, ML imp
- Strangulation: definition, type, throatling, ligature strangulation, cause of death, PM finding, ML imp
- Drowning: Definition, types, pathophysiology, PM findings, cause of death, ML imp
- Suffocation: smothering, choking, and gagging
Core
Wound
Transportation wound
- Trauma in RTA; cause, preventive device (helmet, seat belt syndrome)
- Injuries sustained by pedestrians; drivers, motorcyclists; and passengers; Crush syndrome
- Objectives of autopsy in traffic wounds
Firearm and explosives
- Firearms, cartridge composition, firearm injuries (entry and exit) according to range, medico-legal aspect
- The bomb blast and explosion
- Electrocution and lightning
- Autopsy (mass disaster) protocol
Additional
- Transportation: Trauma in Railway disaster; River traffic, Air crush
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Section 5: Clinical Forensic Medicine
Death
- Basic of death: definition, type, ML imp of somatic death; signs of death; cause manner, mechanism of death;
Brain death: types, signs, diagnostic criteria Declaration of death. Ø Suspended animation; presumption of death
- Declaration of death
- Suspended animation; presumption of death
Wound
- Medico-legal aspect: injury wound, hurt, battery; grievous hurt; cause of death due to wound; homicide; defense wound; fabricated wound
- Mechanical wound: abrasion, bruise, laceration, incised wound, and puncture wound
Regional injury
- Head injury: Scalp, skull fracture, Intra cranial hemorrhage, brain injuries
- whiplash injury.Crush syndrome
- Domestic Violence: Battered Baby syndrome (BBS); Munchausen syndrome; violence against women
- Thermal injury: Heat (Burn scald) and cold
- Torture
- Neglect and starvation
Domestic Violence
- Battered Baby syndrom(BBS); Munchausen syndrome; violence against women
Additional
- Chest injury, abdominal injury, genital injury, and extremity injury
Core
Forensic aspect of sex
- Medico-legal aspects related to marriage
- Impotency, sterility; Medico-legal aspect
- Legitimacy; Paternity and maternity
- Hymen: Type, cause of rupture; medico-legal aspect
- Virginity and defloration
Sexual offences
- Natural: Rape, Adultery, Incest
- Unnatural: sodomy, Lesbianism, Buccal coitus, Bestiality
- Investigations: collection & dispatch of specimen (HVS, stain, hair, blood); radiology
Medico-legal report preparation: Impotency, fixation of paternity & maternity, report on sexual violence; rape
Sexual perversions: sadism, masochism, voyeurism, necrophilia, necrophage
Additional
- Psychosexual instinct
- legal provisions related
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Section 6: Identification
Core
Identification
- Definition, types, objectives, and method of identification
- Identification traits; Identity of living persons & dead bodies
- Race, religion, sex
- Age: medico-legal importance; estimation of age
- Tattoo, scar, stature, mole, birthmark
- Stature, occupational marks
- Trace Evidence
- Forensic Dactylography
- Forensic Radiology: introduction, scope, and medicolegal issues
- Forensic Odontology: introduction, scope, and forensic issues
- Bite marks; Modern technologies used in the identification
- Identification of mass death & examination of human remains
Additional
- X-ray identification
- Superimposition. Lip print
- Brain fingerprinting
- Lie detector
- Biometrics; retina scan, Iris scan
- Forensic Voice analysis
- Questioned document examination
- Forensic ballistic
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Section 7: Forensic aspect of reproduction
Forensic aspect reproduction
- Artificial insemination and other artificial methods of conception with medico-legal implications (IVF,cloning)
- Surrogated mother & baby
- Pregnancy: Medico-legal importance; Signs of pregnancy& duration. PM finding of pregnancy
- Delivery: signs of recent & remote delivery in living & dead
- Abortion: types, methods, complication, management duties of a medical practitioner
- Indication of therapeutic abortion. Spontaneous, Artificial (justifiable and criminal abortion)
Additional
- Feticide and viability; IUF death
- MTP act
- Infertility & its medico-legal issues; Invitro Fertilization
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Section 08: Forensic Psychiatry
Forensic Psychiatry
Core
- Definition of forensic psychiatry. Classification of mental disorder, lucid interval, testamentary capacity
- Important terms of forensic psychiatry. Elements of forensic psychiatry (psychosis, neurosis, delirium,
delusion, illusion, hallucination, confabulation, phobia, impulse, etc.)
- Issues of incompetency to stand trial/event
- Criminal responsibility of an insane person
- Personality disorder related to crime
- Aggressive behavior and medicolegal issues
- Diminished responsibility
- Civil and Social Responsibilities
- Substance abuse affects the mental state
- True insanity and feigned insanity
- Rules in relation to forensic psychiatry
Additional
- Mental health act
- Advances in Forensic Psychiatry
- Psychosexual instinct
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Section 09: Forensic Toxicology
Toxicology
Core
General aspects of poisoning
- Forensic Toxicology. Legal provisions related to Poisons & poisoning
- The general aspect of toxicology
- Poisons. Classification of poisons
- Factors modifying the action of poison
- Antidote. Principles of Management of acute & chronic poisoning
- Prevention of domestic poison & therapeutic poison
Specific Poisoning
- Corrosive poisons: strong acids and alkalis
- Acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoning
- Metallic poisons: Lead, Arsenic, Copper and Mercury
- Deliriants: Datura, Cannabis
- Somniferous agents: Opium and its derivatives; Hypnotics- Barbiturate
- Inebriates: Alcohol, methyl alcohol
- Petroleum product: Kerosene oil
- Gaseous poisons: Carbon monoxide, Chlorine, CO2, Cooking gas (methane)
- Insecticides: Organo-phosphorus comp (OPC) and chloro-compound
- Snake Bite
- Drug dependence and drug abuse. Doping
- Food poisoning
- Potka fish (Pufferfish)
Additional
- Spinal poison; Cardiac poison; cocaine
- Organic irritant: ricinuscommunis; ergot; arbusprecatorius; calatropis; cantharides; scorpion
- Clinical toxicology; Environmental toxicology; Occupational toxicology; Analytic toxicology
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Section 10: Practical
Contents
Demonstration
- Demonstration & observation of ten medico-legal autopsies
- Observation/examination of intoxicated persons in the ward (Indoor)
- Flip chart
- Weapons: Blunt weapons; Cutting weapons; sharp-pointed
- Dangerous weapon: firearms
- Forensic photograph
- Identity: Tattoo; fingerprint; Barr body & Davidsons body
- Thanatology: Marbling, degloving, demonstration rigor mortis
- Asphyxia death: Ligature marks; FB in trachea (Choking) Hanging; Strangulation; Partial hanging; smothering;
sexual asphyxia; traumatic asphyxia; diatoms; drowning
- Trauma: Hesitation cut; fabricated injury; incised wound; cut-throat wound with hesitation mark; defense wound;
shotgun injury; pattern abrasion; graze abrasion; contact rifle entry wound; chop wound; pugilistic attitude; soot
particle in the trachea; Lacerated wound
- Toxicology specimen(poison)
- Corrosives: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, carbolic acid; Oxalic acid; Salicylic acid; corrosive alkali
- Inorganic: lead; copper; Arsenic; Mercury; Phosphorus
- Organic: chili seeds; Snake
- Systemic
- CNS: inebriants (Alcohol; methyl alcohol); deliriants (Dhatura, Cannabis Indica); Poppy (Opium); Nux vomica
- Insecticides: OPC; Chloro-compound
- Domestic: kerosene; naphthalene; harpist; salon; Dettol
Exercise: (22yrs)
- Preparation of certificates on the following Medico-legal situations
- Prepare 5-10 Injury report
- Prepare 10 Postmortem reports
- Prepare a death certificate according to ICD-10 with the recording of the death note
- Prepare medical (fitness & sickness) certificate; discharge certificate; Birth certificate
- Prepare a report on Insanity
- Prepare age estimation report
- Prepare a report of sexual assault
- Recoding Dying declaration
- Examine for estimation of the age of a person
- Examine the victim of physical assault
- Examine victims of sexual assault
- Examine a drunkenness case
- Management of poisoning case
- Age estimation from bones by X-rays
- Assignment
Observation
Experiment
Role play: Drunkenness Infamous conduct
Presentation
Problem-solving
- The college authority will contact and fix the schedule with a suitable time & date to attend
- Transport will be provided by the college authority
- Contents Visit to court. Visit to police station stop Crisis Center (OCC)DNA lab, Forensic lab
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Section 11: Observation of ten Medico-legal Autopsies
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Section 12: Day visit-06
